Golden and Silver Plated Dragon Head Water Vase (Donated by Hōryū-ji)

Basic Information

Catalog ID: 201
Item ID: 536
Category: Crafts
Country: China
Period: Tang Dynasty
Date designated: May 26, 1964
Prefecture: Tokyo
Location: Tokyo National Museum (Ueno Park, Taito Ward, Tokyo)
Owner: Japan Agency for Cultural Affairs (Custody: Tokyo National Museum)

Source: Excerpted from the National Designated Cultural Properties Database (https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index)

Overview

The Kingu-gin Tōryūshu Suibyō (Golden and Silver Plated Dragon Head Water Vase) is a representative piece of craftsmanship among the “Treasures Donated by Hōryū-ji,” originally presented to the Imperial Family. It is currently housed in the Tokyo National Museum. This copper vase, plated with gold and silver, was likely produced during the Tang Dynasty (7th–10th century) in China. Its design showcases a rich international aesthetic, incorporating styles from Sasanian Persia.

Historical Background

This artifact symbolizes the deep history of cultural exchange along the Silk Road. The form of the vase—known as Kobe (a style influenced by Western vessels)—originally arrived in China via Sasanian Persian silver containers and was subsequently transported to Japan. At Hōryū-ji Temple, this type of object has been cherished and passed down since ancient times under the name “Dragon Head Water Vase,” associated with Prince Shotoku. It is one of approximately 300 treasures donated by Hōryū-ji to the Imperial Family in 1878 (Meiji 11). Due to its significance as a peak example of early metal craftsmanship in East Asia, it was designated a National Treasure in 1964.

Features and Appeal

Dragon Head Design: The most striking feature is the lid, which exquisitely depicts a powerful dragon head. The dragon holds a hōju (jewel or pearl) in its mouth, which serves as the vase’s spout—a highly original design element. The dragon’s horns extend backward and connect to form the handle.
Kobe Form: The main body features graceful, curved proportions, adopting the style known as Kobe, which was heavily influenced by Sasanian Persian aesthetics from the West.
Gold and Silver Contrast: The copper surface is adorned with gold plating (kin-tōkin) and silver plating (gin-tōkin). While the overall body maintains a silvery finish, strategic accents of gold are used on the dragon head, handle, and parts of the torso. This combination achieves both brilliance and refined dignity.
Winged Horse Decoration: The body is delicately engraved with four yūeki-uma (winged horses) depicted in the act of galloping. This technique is known as keribori. The composition, framed by surrounding palmette motifs, powerfully conveys the fusion of Eastern and Western cultures.