Tachi (Long Sword) by Tomonari

Basic Information

Catalog ID: 201
Item ID: 376
Category: Crafts
Country: Japan
Period: Heian Period
Date designated: November 22, 1952
Prefecture: Hiroshima
Location: Hiroshima Prefecture
Owner: Itsukushima Shrine

Source: Excerpted from the National Designated Cultural Properties Database (https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index)

Overview

This tachi (long sword) was crafted by Tomonari, a master swordsmith from Bizen Province (modern Okayama Prefecture), during the late Heian Period. Passed down to Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima Prefecture, it is recognized as one of the finest masterpieces representing the ancient Bizen school. This National Treasure combines the graceful form characteristic of the Heian period with powerful craftsmanship. It remains a cherished treasure at Itsukushima Shrine today.

Historical Background

Tomonari was considered one of the two pillars (alongside Masatsune) of the Ancient Bizen School in Bizen Province. His activity centered on the late Heian Period, playing an extremely important role during the early stages when Japanese sword styles were being established. The Itsukushima Shrine where this tachi is housed received deep reverence from the Taira clan, particularly toward the end of the Heian Period (when powerful figures like Taira no Kiyomori flourished). It is believed that this item was donated by a prominent family member who wished for the safety and continued success of their lineage during the peak prosperity of the Taira clan.

Features and Charm

Its beauty and historical value are highlighted by several distinctive features:

Graceful Curve (Koshi-zori): The sword exhibits pronounced koshi-zori (a dramatic curve at the waist), which is characteristic of Heian period swords. It possesses an elegant taper toward the tip, adding to its overall appeal.
Exquisite Ground Metalwork: The blade displays detailed patterns, including a fine wood-grain texture known as kōitame. Furthermore, it shows deep ground patina (ji-nie), typical of the Ancient Bizen School style.
Elegant Temper Line (Hamon): The temper line is highly refined, featuring a straight base with subtle irregularities (komidare) and small geometric patterns (kochōji). This sophisticated finish is unique to the Ancient Bizen School.
Rarity of Signature: Clearly engraved on the tang (nakago) are three characters: “Tomonari-saku” (Made by Tomonari). While many works by Tomonari bear only the two-character signature, this piece is extremely valuable as a complete work from the Heian Period with an identified author.
Condition: Despite being over 800 years old, the sword retains its original form and shows minimal signs of wear, earning high praise for its excellent state of preservation.